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Ruminal Degradation Kinetics of Wheat Straw Irradiated by High Doses of Electron Beam
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of electron beam irradiation at doses of 250 and 500 kGy on the chemical composition and ruminal dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability of wheat straw. Nylon bags of untreated or irradiated wheat straw were suspended in the rumen of three rams for up to 72 h, and resulting data were fitted to non-linear degradation model t...
متن کاملNanodispenser for attoliter volume deposition using atomic force microscopy probes modified by focused-ion-beam milling
In this letter, we describe the on-demand dispensing of single liquid droplets with volumes down to a few attoliters and submicrometric spacing. This dispensing is achieved using a standard atomic force microscope probe, with a 200 nm aperture at the tip apex, opened by focused ion beam milling. The inside of the tip is used as reservoir for the liquid. This maskless dispensing, realized in amb...
متن کاملOne-dimensional laser cooling of an atomic beam in a sealed vapor cell
We describe a simple experiment that demonstrates one-dimensional laser cooling in a sealed vapor cell. A velocity selective optical pumping scheme was first used to define a collimated beam of atoms within the cell. A particular velocity group of atoms was labeled by optical pumping with one laser and detected by absorption with a second laser. Transverse cooling of this velocity group, which ...
متن کاملLow temperature growth of highly doped GaAs:Si by atomic layer molecular beam epitaxy
Related Articles Correlation between threading dislocation density and sheet resistance of AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 262102 (2012) Interplay between Sb flux and growth temperature during the formation of GaSb islands on GaP J. Appl. Phys. 111, 123506 (2012) Growth of AlN/SiC/AlN quantum wells on Si(111) by molecular bea...
متن کاملAtomic force microscopy study of electron beam written contamination structures
Electron radiation induced hydrocarbon contamination can be either a problem or a useful tool in electron beam analyses and lithographies. We have used atomic force microscopy to study electron beam written contamination structures. Contamination is shown not only to arise from the primary electron beam but also from the energy scattered outside of the direct impingement area. The size of the c...
متن کاملLength control and sharpening of atomic force microscope carbon nanotube tips assisted by an electron beam
We report on the precise positioning of a carbon nanotube on an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. By using a nanomanipulator inside a scanning electron microscope, an individual nanotube was retrieved from a metal foil by the AFM tip. The electron beam allows us to control the nanotube length and to sharpen its end. The performance of these tips for AFM imaging is demonstrated by improved late...
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